H1: Demonstrate an understanding of the following terms.
Metabolism: the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.
Enzyme: a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction
Substrate: a substance or layer that underlies something, or on which some process occurs, in particular.
Coenzyme: a non protein compound that is necessary for the functioning of an enzyme.
Activation energy: the minimum quantity of energy that the reacting species must possess in order to undergo a specified reaction.
H2: Use graphs to identify the role of enzymes in lowering the activation energy of a biochemical reaction.
Metabolism: the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.
Enzyme: a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction
Substrate: a substance or layer that underlies something, or on which some process occurs, in particular.
Coenzyme: a non protein compound that is necessary for the functioning of an enzyme.
Activation energy: the minimum quantity of energy that the reacting species must possess in order to undergo a specified reaction.
H2: Use graphs to identify the role of enzymes in lowering the activation energy of a biochemical reaction.
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H3: Identify the thyroid as a source of gland for throxin.
Thryoxin the hormone produced by the thyroid gland. It increases the metabolic rate. It stimulates all organs of the body to metabolize at a faster rate. More glucose is broken down and more energy is utilized.
H5: Identify the role of vitamins as coenzymes.
Vitamins are organic molecules that are required in trace amounts in our diet for the synthesis of coenzymes that affect health fitness. Vitamins become a part of the coenzyme’s molecular structure. With vitamin deficiency, less coenzymes can act with enzymes, thereby there is less enzymatic actions.
H6: Difference between the roles of enzymes and coenzymes in biochemical reactions.
Coenzyme: A substance that enhances the action of an enzyme. (An enzyme is a protein that functions as a catalyst to mediate and speed a chemical reaction).
Coenzymes are small molecules. They cannot by themselves catalyze a reaction but they can help enzymes to do so. In technical terms, coenzymes are organic nonprotein molecules that bind with the protein molecule (apoenzyme) to form the active enzyme (holoenzyme).
A number of the water-soluble vitamins such as vitamins B1, B2 and B6 serve as coenzymes
H7: Apply knowledge to protiens to explain the effects on a enzyme.
-The pH level, which is the scale of acid in a solution, when changed can alter the ionization of the r side chains and disrupt normal interaction. In other words, the globular shape is affected. Under extreme pH, denaturation eventually occurs. The enzyme is altered in shape and is unable to combine efficiently with its substrate.
-With increased temperature there is an increase in enzyme activity because there are more effective collisions between substrate and enzyme. If the temperature rises beyond a certain point, enzyme activity eventually levels out, and then declines rapidly because the enzyme is denatured. The enzyme shape changes so it can no longer bind its substrate efficiently.
-The substrate concentration when increased can increase the rate of products formed. The increase will continue until all active sites of the enzyme are saturated.
-Enzyme concentration when increased can increase the rate of produce formed. Concentration increases when genes are turned on and protein (enzyme) production occurs. Concentration decreases when genes are turned off and protein production does not occur. Phosphorylation is a way to regulate the activity of enzymes.
-Competitive inhibitors are molecules so close in shape to an enzyme’s substrate that it can compete with the true substrate for the enzyme’s active site. This molecule inhibits the reaction because only the binding of the true substrate results in a product. Inhibition is means to regulate enzyme activity. Poisons are an example of a competitive inhibitor.